October 6, 2023

By William (Bill) Burr^{^[i]}

[i] William (Bill) Burr is an associate member of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, Technical Committee and formerly Chair of the Canadian Advisory Council on Electrical Safety (CACES), Chief Electrical and Elevator Inspector for the Province of BC & the Northwest Territories, Director of Electrical and Gas Standards Development and Director of Conformity Assessment at CSA Group. Bill can be reached at Burr and Associates Consulting billburr@gmail.com..

Guide to the Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, 25th Edition– A Road Map: Appendix J - Annex J18 – Part B

(The 25th Edition of the CE-C, Part I, (C22.1-21) * is available from CSA Group. This discussion of Appendix J – Annex J18 Part D is based on the 25th edition).

The Code is a comprehensive document. Sometimes it can seem quite daunting to quickly find the information you need. This series of articles provides a guide to help users find their way through this critical document. This is not intended to replace the notes in Appendix B, or the explanations of individual requirements contained in the CEC Handbook** but will hopefully provide some help in navigating while reading the Code.

Appendix J – Annex J18 – Part D

Annex J18 is optionally permitted for use in additions, modifications, renovations or operation and maintenance of existing facilities employing the Division system of classification. The rules of Annex J18 are normative (mandatory) where used and amend or supplement other requirements of the Code. Additional informative (non-mandatory) information is contained in Annex JB. Annex J18 is divided into four parts – General, Class I, Class II and Class III locations. Due to the size of this Annex, it is discussed in four parts. This is Part D Class III locations.

Class III locations

Rules J18-300 to J18-328 apply to installations in Class III, Division 1 locations where readily ignitable fibres or materials producing combustible flyings are handled, manufactured, or used. Additional information is provided in Appendix E.

Rule J18-300 requires that equipment installed in a Class III, Division 1 location be in accordance with Table 18.

Rule J18-302 requires that transformers and electrical capacitors conform to Rule J18-252.

Rule J18-304 outlines wiring methods, in Class III, Division 1 locations and requires:

wiring methods of:
- threaded rigid metal conduit,
- hazardous location cables,
- electrical metal tubing,
- armoured cable with overall jacket, such as TECK90, ACWU90, copper-sheathed RC90, or aluminum-sheathed RA90,
- armoured fire alarm and signal cable, such as FAS, FAS90, FAS105, FAS150,

and FAS200.

control and instrumentation cables with an interlocking metallic armour and a continuous jacket in control circuits (Type ACIC), or
- liquid-tight flexible metal conduit and connectors, marked for heavy duty.
boxes and fittings in which taps, joints, or terminal connections are made by either enclosure Type 5 or have close-fitting covers to prevent the escape of sparks or burning material.
cables installed and supported to avoid tensile stress at the cable glands; and
where flexible connections are necessary, compliance with Rule J18-204 (4), (a) and (c), and (5).

Rule J18-306 requires that switches, motor controllers, circuit breakers, and fuses including push buttons, relays, and similar devices be provided with a Type 5, enclosure or have close-fitting covers to prevent the escape of sparks or burning material.

Rule J18-308 specifies that transformers, impedance coils, and resistors used as or in conjunction with control equipment for motors, generators, and appliances conform to Rule J18-260, except when these devices are in the same enclosure with switching devices of the control equipment and are used only for starting or short-time duty, the enclosure may conform to the requirements of Rule J18-306.

Rule J18-310 applies tomotors, generators, and other rotating electrical machinery installed in Class III, Division 1 locations and requires that:

they be totally enclosed non-ventilated; totally enclosed pipe-ventilated; or totally enclosed fan-cooled.
where only moderate accumulations of lint and flyings are likely to collect on, or in the vicinity of, a rotating electrical machine and the machine is readily accessible for routine cleaning and maintenance be:
- standard open-type machines without sliding contacts or centrifugal or other types of switching mechanisms, including motor overload devices.
- standard open-type machines that have contacts, switching mechanisms, or resistance devices enclosed within tight housings without ventilating or other openings; or
- self-cleaning textile motors of the squirrel-cage type; and
motors, generators, or other rotating electrical machinery partially enclosed or splash-proof type not be installed in Class III locations.

Rule J18-312 outlines that every vent pipe for a motor, generator, other rotating electrical machine, or enclosures for electrical equipment:

comply with Rule J18-214,
be sufficiently tight to prevent the entrance of dust into the ventilated equipment or enclosure, and prevent the escape of sparks, flame, or burning material igniting accumulations of dust or combustible material, and
permits lock seams, riveted or welded joints and tight-fitting slip joints where flexibility is necessary.

Rule J18-314 requires that: electrically heated utilization equipment, whether fixed or portable, be marked for use in Class III locations, motors of motor-driven utilization equipment conform to Rule J18-310, and enclosures for switches, circuit breakers, and fuses conform to Rule J18-306.

Rule J18-316 specifies that:

luminaires and portable lighting be complete assemblies marked for use in Class III locations and have the maximum wattage clearly marked,
each luminaire be protected against physical damage by a suitable guard or by location,
pendant luminaires be:
- suspended by and supplied through threaded rigid conduit stems, and threaded joints be provided with set screws or other effective means to prevent loosening, and
- for stems longer than 300 mm, provided with permanent and effective bracing against lateral displacement at a level not more than 300 mm above the lower end of the stem, or
- flexibility in the form of a suitable fitting or flexible connector situated not more than 300 mm from the point of attachment.
luminaires be supported by boxes, box assemblies, and fittings marked for use in Class III locations, and
starting and control equipment for mercury vapour and fluorescent lamps must comply with Rule J18-308.

Rule J18-318 requires that flexible cords comply with Rule J18-220.

Rule J18-320 requires that receptacles and attachment plugs comply with Rule J18-272.

Rule J18-322 requires that signal, alarm, remote control, and communication systems comply with Rule J18-274.

Rule J18-324 outlines the installation requirements for electric cranes, hoists, and similar equipment where installed for operation over combustible fibres or accumulations of flyings, travelling cranes and hoists for material handling, travelling cleaners for textile machinery, and similar equipment and requires they must conform to the following requirements:

the power supply to contact conductors must be isolated from all other systems, ungrounded, and must be equipped with
- recording ground detection that will give an alarm and will automatically de-energize the contact conductors in case of a fault to ground; or
- ground fault detection that will give a visual and audible alarm and maintain the /alarm if power is supplied to the system and the ground fault remains.
contact conductors must be located or guarded to be inaccessible to other than authorized persons and protected against accidental contact with foreign objects.
current collectors must be arranged or guarded to confine normal sparking and to prevent the escape of sparks or hot particles, to reduce sparking, two or more separate surfaces of contact shall be provided for each contact conductor; and reliable means shall be provided to keep contact conductors and current collectors free of accumulations of lint or flyings; and
control equipment shall comply with Rules J18-306 and J18-308.

Rule J18-326 requires that storage-battery charging equipment be located in separate rooms built or lined with substantial non-combustible materials constructed to adequately exclude flyings or lint and be well-ventilated.

J18-328 specifies that equipment providing EPL Da is permitted in a Class III, Division 1 location with a temperature class not greater than T120 °C for equipment that may be overloaded and not greater than T165 °C for equipment not subject to overload.

Division 2

Rules J18-350 to J18-378 apply to installations in Class III, Division 2 locations in which ignitable fibres or flyings are stored or handled.

Rule J18-350 requires equipment installed in Class III, Division 2 to be in accordance with Table 18.

Rule J18-352 requires that transformers and capacitors installed in these locations conform to Rule J18-252, which states that:

transformers and electrical capacitors containing a flammable liquid be installed in electrical equipment vaults in accordance with Rules 26-350 to 26-356, and
transformers and electrical capacitors not containing a flammable liquid be installed in electrical equipment vaults as above, or marked for use in Class II locations, and
dry-core transformers be installed in electrical equipment vaults in accordance with Rules 26-350 to 26-356 and have winding and terminal connections enclosed in non-ventilated tight housings and operate at a maximum of 750 volts.

Rule J18-354 outlines wiring methods, in Class III, Division 2 locations and requires:

threaded rigid metal conduit,
hazardous location cables,
electrical metal tubing,
armoured cable with overall jacket, such as TECK90, ACWU90, copper-sheathed RC90, or aluminum-sheathed RA90,
armoured fire alarm and signal cable, such as FAS, FAS90, FAS105, FAS150,

and FAS200.

control and instrumentation cables with an interlocking metallic armour and a continuous jacket in control circuits (Type ACIC),
Type TC cable installed in cable tray in accordance with Rule 12-2202,
Type CIC cable (non-armoured control and instrumentation cable) installed in cable tray in accordance with the installation requirements of Rule 12-2202 (2), providing the cable is rated 300V and the circuit voltage is 150 V or less and 5 A or less, and,
liquid-tight flexible metal conduit and connectors, marked for heavy duty.

Rule J18-356 requires that switches, controllers, circuit breakers, and fuses in Class III, Division 2 locations be provided with a Type 5 enclosure or have close-fitting covers to prevent the escape of sparks or burning material.

Rule J18-358 requires that transformers, impedance coils, and resistors used as or in conjunction with control equipment for motors, generators, and appliances in Class III, Division 2 locations comply with Rule J18-308, which states that:

they must be provided with enclosures conforming to Rule J18-258, and tight housings without ventilating openings, where not located in the same enclosure; and
resistors and resistance devices have dust-tight enclosures marked for use in Class II locations, except when these devices are in the same enclosure with switching devices of the control equipment and are used only for starting or short-time duty, in which case the enclosure may conform to the requirements of Rule J18-306.

Rule J18-360 requires that motors and generators and other rotating machinery installed in Class III, Division 2 locations conform to Rule J18-310.

Rule J18-360 applies tomotors, generators, and other rotating electrical machinery installed in Class III, Division 2 locations and requires that:

they be totally enclosed non-ventilated; totally enclosed pipe-ventilated; or totally enclosed fan-cooled.
where only moderate accumulations of lint and flyings are likely to collect on, or in the vicinity of, a rotating electrical machine and the machine is readily accessible for routine cleaning and maintenance, be:
- standard open-type machines without sliding contacts or centrifugal or other types of switching mechanisms, including motor overload devices.
- standard open-type machines that have contacts, switching mechanisms, or resistance devices enclosed within tight housings without ventilating or other openings; or
- self-cleaning textile motors of the squirrel-cage type; and
motors, generators, or other rotating electrical machinery of that are partially enclosed or splash-proof must not be installed in Class III locations.

Rule J18-362 outlines thatevery vent pipe for a motor, generator, other rotating electrical machine, or enclosure for electrical equipment in Class III, Division 2 locations be:

dust-tight throughout its entire length,
lead directly to a source of clean air outside a building,
be metal not less than 0.52 mm (No. 24 MSG) thick or equally substantial non-combustible material,
be screened at the outer end, and,
have protection against mechanical damage and corrosion.

Rule J18-364 requires that fixed or portable utilization equipment be marked for use in Class III locations, motors of motor-driven utilization equipment conform to Rule J18-310, and enclosures for switches, circuit breakers, and fuses conform to Rule J18-306.

Rule J18-366 requires that luminaires in Class III, Division 2 locations conform to Rule J18-316, which states that:

luminaires and portable lighting be complete assemblies marked for use in Class III locations and have the maximum wattage clearly marked,
each luminaire be protected against physical damage by a suitable guard or by location,
pendant luminaires be suspended by and supplied through threaded rigid conduit stems, and threaded joints be provided with set screws or other effective means to prevent loosening, and for stems longer than 300 mm, provided with permanent and effective bracing against lateral displacement at a level not more than 300 mm above the lower end of the stem, or flexibility in the form of a suitable fitting or flexible connector situated not more than 300 mm from the point of attachment,
luminaires be supported by boxes, box assemblies, and fittings marked for use in Class III locations, and
starting and control equipment for mercury vapour and fluorescent lamps comply with Rule J18-308.

Rule J18-368 requires that flexible cords be extra-hard usage type, contain a bonding conductor and be provided with glands marked minimally for use in Class II, Division 1 locations, where entering a box or fitting required to be dust-tight.

Rule J18-370 specifies that receptacles and attachment plugs be a polarized type that affords automatic connection to the bonding conductor of the flexible supply cord, and be designed so that the connection to the supply circuit cannot be made or broken while live parts are exposed.

Rule J18-372 requires that:

signal, alarm, remote control, communication systems, meters, instruments and relay contacts that interrupt other than voice currents be provided with a Type 4 or 5 enclosure or have close-fitting covers to prevent the escape of sparks or burning material.
the windings and terminal connections of transformers and choke coils carrying other than voice currents be provided with tight enclosures without ventilating openings; and
resistors, resistance devices, thermionic tubes, and rectifiers carrying other than voice currents and exceeding 120 ⁰C, be provided with Class II dust-tight enclosures.

Rule J18-374 requires that electric cranes, hoists, and similar equipment in Class III, Division 2 locations be installed as prescribed by Rule J18-324, which outlines the installation requirements where installed for operation over combustible fibres or accumulations of flyings, travelling cranes and hoists for material handling, travelling cleaners for textile machinery and similar equipment, and requires they conform to the following:

the power supply to contact conductors must be isolated from all other systems, ungrounded, and equipped with recording ground detection equipment that will give an alarm and will automatically de-energize the contact conductors in case of a fault to ground or provide a visual and audio alarm, maintained until the ground fault is cleared.
contact conductors must be located or guarded and inaccessible to other than authorized persons and protected against accidental contact with foreign objects.
current collectors must be arranged or guarded to confine normal sparking and prevent escape of sparks or hot particles, provide two or more separate surfaces of contact for each conductor to reduce sparking, and keep contact conductors and current collectors free of lint or flyings; and
control equipment must comply with Rules J18-306 and J18-308.

Rule J18-376 specifies that storage-battery charging equipment for Class III, Division 2 locations be located in separate well-ventilated rooms built or lined with non-combustible materials constructed to exclude flyings or lint.

Rule J18-378 outlines that other equipment marked with EPL Da, Db, or Dc protection may be installed in a Class III, Division 2 location with a temperature class not greater than T120 °C for equipment that may be overloaded, and not greater than T165 °C for equipment not subject to overloading.

In the next instalment, we will be discussing Annex J20 – Flammable Liquid and Gasoline Dispensing Service Stations, Garages, Bulk Storage Plants, Finishing Processes and Aircraft Hangers in the Class and Division System of Hazardous Locations Classification.

[i] Source: CSA C22.1:21, Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1 – Safety Standard for Electrical Installations. © 2021 Canadian Standards Association. Please visit Store – CSA Group or call 1-800-463-6727. With the permission of CSA Group, the material is reproduced from CSA Group standard CSA C22.1:21, Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1 – Safety Standard for Electrical Installations. This material is not the complete and official position of CSA Group on the referenced subject, which is represented solely by the Standard in its entirety. While use of the material has been authorized, CSA Group is not responsible for the manner in which the data are presented, nor for any representations and interpretations. No further reproduction is permitted. For more information or to purchase standard(s) from CSA Group, please visit Store – CSA Group or call 1-800-463-6727.